While hydrogen fuel cells have garnered significant attention, researchers and engineers are also exploring the potential of hydrogen-powered internal combustion engines. Recent developments in this field are not only pushing the boundaries of automotive technology but also creating excitement in the world of racing.
Graz University of Technology Leads the Way
Graz University of Technology, nestled in the heart of Austria, has been at the forefront of hydrogen research in combustion engines for decades. Their pioneering work has not only demonstrated the feasibility of using hydrogen as a clean-burning fuel but has also showcased its versatility. Hydrogen, it turns out, can liberate internal combustion engines from the shackles of fossil fuels.
Converting a conventional internal combustion engine to run on hydrogen is, as engineers would say, a “finger exercise.” It’s a testament to the adaptability of this technology. Hydrogen, as a fuel, offers several advantages over traditional gasoline or diesel.
The Robust Nature of Combustion Engines
One of the standout features of hydrogen-powered combustion engines is their robustness. Unlike hydrogen fuel cells, which require high-purity hydrogen and intricate systems, combustion engines can operate with less refined hydrogen. This robustness extends to the engine’s overall durability and reliability.
Remarkably, the efficiency of hydrogen combustion engines is inching closer to that of hydrogen fuel cells, particularly under specific operating conditions. This achievement underscores the potential of hydrogen-powered engines in achieving a greener future for transportation.
Racing to the Future
While hydrogen offers exciting possibilities for the automotive industry, it’s not without its challenges, especially in the context of passenger cars. High-pressure hydrogen storage tanks, operating at a staggering 700 bar, are expensive components. In fact, their cost approaches that of advanced electric traction batteries.
For passenger vehicles, the limitations of hydrogen storage and infrastructure pose significant challenges. However, there are specific niches where hydrogen shines, particularly in racing. Racing engines, designed for high spontaneous performance off-road, enduring continuous heavy loads, and covering long distances, are ideal candidates for hydrogen power.
Racing Engines as Trailblazers
In the world of motorsports, practicality often takes a back seat to innovation and performance. High-pressure hydrogen tanks may be costly, and hydrogen-powered vehicles might not be suited for everyday use, but on the racetrack, these concerns fade into insignificance. Performance and pushing the technological envelope become the primary focus.
Manufacturers like AVL Racetech have taken up the challenge, developing hydrogen-powered racing engines that not only showcase the power of hydrogen but also serve as mood makers for the broader adoption of this technology. On the racetrack, factors like tank cost or restrictions on underground garage access matter little. It’s a proving ground for cutting-edge engineering.
