Hydrogen is increasingly being recognized as a vital component in the global transition to renewable energy. Its potential as a clean energy source is vast, given its capability to produce only water vapor when used in fuel cells.
Traditionally, hydrogen production has relied on methane steam reforming, a method that’s both energy-intensive and emissions-heavy. Electrolysis, wherein water is split into hydrogen and oxygen using electricity, offers a more sustainable alternative if powered by renewable energy sources. Yet, the primary obstacle is the high cost associated with using purified water.
Seawater presents an endless and accessible resource for hydrogen production. Recent advancements in electrolysis technology aim to make seawater a viable input. Seawater electrolysis involves complex processes to address the presence of impurities and salts that can otherwise hinder the efficiency and lifespan of the electrolyzer.
Researchers have developed new catalysts and electrode materials resistant to the corrosive nature of seawater. Innovations including special coatings and membranes that selectively allow certain ions to pass while blocking detrimental ones have significantly improved the practicality of seawater electrolysis. These developments could potentially lower the cost barriers, making large-scale hydrogen production more economically feasible.
