Addis Energy is proposing the use of natural underground formations for ammonia synthesis, potentially offering a more environmentally friendly alternative.
In the traditional process, ammonia production involves high energy inputs that contribute more than 1% of global greenhouse emissions. This conventional synthesis requires substantial temperatures and pressures, usually in facilities with significant environmental footprints. However, recent research highlights a new method leveraging geological formations to naturally facilitate ammonia production. This method suggests that rocks deep below Earth’s surface can act as reactors under existing subsurface temperatures and pressures.
Addis Energy, co-founded by MIT professor Iwnetim Abate, aims to capitalize on this discovery. Abate’s research indicates that geological conditions may suffice for ammonia production, using nitrogen and hydrogen sources found naturally underground. Such formations could reduce ammonia’s carbon footprint significantly if scaled successfully.
Research data from lab experiments sheds light on how iron-rich minerals, when combined with nitrates and water, can catalyze ammonia formation. This process, achievable at moderate temperatures and pressures, proposes using Earth’s heat and pressure as free resources, significantly reducing external energy needs. The economic viability of this approach projects a production capability of up to 40,000 kilograms per well daily, with depths accessible through current drilling technologies.
Funding from investors totaling $4.25 million supports Addis Energy’s efforts to transition from theory to practice, aiming to test this method in suitable geographic locations with appropriate geology.
Cost-wise, this innovation points towards slightly higher current production costs compared to fossil-based ammonia. However, it presents a cost-effective option relative to other low-emission methods. Future cost reductions might be possible through process refinements, such as sourcing nitrogen directly from air.
Understanding the geochemical processes at play involves profound research to ensure comprehensive comprehension of the atomic interactions within this innovative production framework. Such developments underscore a potential shift towards leveraging Earth’s natural conditions more extensively across the chemical sector.
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