The fossil fuel industry’s communication strategy has undergone multiple iterations over three decades, moving from outright denial of climate science to promoting the premise that oil and gas extraction can coexist with climate stabilization efforts—a shift that former ExxonMobil climate scientist Lindsey Gulden characterizes as the sector’s “last narrative” after previous approaches lost credibility.
By 2030, Africa could emerge as a key supplier of green hydrogen to Europe—but only if European policy interventions address the continent’s prohibitive financing conditions.
Global demand for hydrogen reached nearly 100 million tonnes (Mt) in 2024, up around 2 % from the previous year and largely driven by traditional industrial uses such as refining and ammonia production.
